Shirkii 29-aad ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Isbeddelka Cimilada (COP29), ayaa lagu qabanayaa magaalada Baku, ee dalka Azerbaijan, 11-ka ilaa 22-ka bishan November. Waxaa ka qaybgalaya marti kor u dhaafaysa ilaa 50,000 qof oo ay ku jiraan 200 oo madaxda caalamka. Mukhtar Babayev, Wasiirka Deegaanka iyo Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah ee Azerbaijan, ayaa ah Madaxweynaha hogaamin doona Shirkan oo loo arko fursad muhiim ah oo lagu dardargelin karo dadaallada wax looga qabanayo dhibaatada isbeddelka cimilada ee ka taagan caalamka.
Shirka sanadkan oo lagu naanaysay Shirkii Maaliyadda (COP of Finance) waxa uu mudo 15 sano ah kadib isu keenayaa hoggaamiyeyaasha caalamka si ay u dejiyaan yool cusub oo maaliyadeed oo wax lagaga qabto cimilada doorsoontay. Yoolka cusub wuxuu beddeli doonaa heshiiskii la gaaray 2009, kaas oo waddamada horumaray ay isku raaceen in la bixiyo $100 bilyan sanad kasta ilaa sanadka 2020 si loo caawiyo waddamada soo koraya ee la dhibaatoonaya isbeddelka cimilada. Hayeeshee dajinta yoolka cusub waxaa ku gadaaman caqabado.
Waa Maxay Yoolka Cusub Ee Maaliyadda Cimilada (NCQG )?
Intii uu socday shirkii COP15 ee ka dhacay magaalada Copenhagen sanadkii 2009, dalalka horumaray ee ay ka mid yihiin Maraykanka iyo Midowga Yurub waxay isku raaceen inay sannad kasta bixiyaan $100 bilyan oo doollar ilaa sanadka 2020 si looga taageero dalalka soo koraya waxka qabashada musiibooyinkaka dhashay isbeddelka ku yimid cimilada. Sababtoo ah dalalka horumaray iyagaa ah kuwa sababay dhibaatada cimileed ee jirta.
Dalalka soo koraya waagaas aad umay soodhaweyn caddadka lacagta ee loo qoondeeyay. Iyadoo lacagtaas xitaa aan marnaba si dhamaystiran loo bixin. Waxa ka sii daran, in in badan oo ka mid ah intii lacagtaas laga bixiyay ay ku timid qaab deyn ah taasi oo sii kordhisay culayska deynta ee haysta dalalka soo koraya. Si kastaba, taasi oo jirta ayaa hadda loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo yool cusub oo heshiis lagu yahay, laguna shaqeeyo ilaa sanadka 2030.
Qiyaasaha ayaa aad u kala duwan, waxaase la fahamsan yahay in dalalka soo koraya — oo ay ku jiraan kuwa saboolka ah— ay u baahan yihiin lacag ka badan $500 oo billion ilaa $1 trillion sanadkii. Dalalka Afrika ayaase dhawaan sheegay in qaaradda keligeed ay ubaahan tahay lacag dhan $1.3 trillion sanadkii. Doodda maaliyadda ayaa la filayaa inay shirkan ka dhigto mid xasaasi ah oo miisaankiisa culus yahay.
Shirka COP29 waaxa laga sugayaa in madaxda dowladuhu ay si weyn u kordhiyaan tirada guud ee lacagta yoolka cusub ee maaliyadda cimilada (A new collective quantified goal on climate finance -NCQG), iyadoo sidoo kale lagu qeexayo waqtiga la bixinayo iyo shuruudaha bixinteeda. Si lamid ah waxaa muhiim ah in la isla meel dhigo sida ay ku gaadhi doonto lacagtani bulshooyinka u baahan, iyo in helitaanka lacagtani ay noqoto mid aad uga fudud sidii hore.
Dalalka soo koraya ayaa u baahan maaliyad si ay ula qabsadaan isbeddelka cimilada (Climate Adaptation Finance), si ay u yareeyaan xadiga qiiqa ay hawada kusii daayaan (Climate Mitigation Finance) iyo in magdhaw maaliyadeed laga siiyo khasaarihii nafeed iyo maaliyadeed (Loss and Damage Fund) ee kasoo gaaray musiibooyinkii cimilo ee ay la kulmeen. Balse, dalalka horumaray iyo kuwa soo koraya ayaan ilaa hadda isku raacsanayn caddadka maaliyadda cimilada ee loo baahan yahay in la gaaro.
Halkan ka akhriso mawaadiic kale oo muhiim ah:
- Taariikhda Iyo Marxaladihii Shirka Isbeddelka Cimilada Ee COP.
- Isbeddelka Cimilada: Hadda Halkee Taagannahay?
- Isbeddelka Cimilada: Sababaha, Saamaynta iyo Xalka
- Saamaynta Doorshada Trump Ku Yeelan Karto Dadaalada Isbeddelka Cimilada
Sanduuqa Khasaaraha & Waxyeelada (Loss and Damage Fund).
Shirkii COP28 ee sanadkii hore ka dhacay Dubai, dalalku waxay isku afgarteen in la sameeyo sanduuqa Khasaaraha iyo waxyeelada si dalalka waaweyn ee taariikh ahaan ah kuwa ugu badan ee sii daayay qiiqa hawada kuleeya (GHG) ay magdhaw uga bixiyaan waxyeelada masiibooyinka ka dhashay doorsoonka cimilada ay u gaysteen dalalka soo koraya ee nugul. Shirka ayaa diiradda saari doona sidii sanduuqan looga dhigi lahaa mid shaqaynaya oo magdhow buuxa bixin kara.
Ma cadda weli haddii magdhawga khasaaraha iyo waxyeellada lagu dari doono bartilmaameedka cusub ee maaliyadda cimilada (NCQG). Dalalka qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan in magdhawga khasaaraha iyo waxyeellada uusan qayb ka noqonayn Maaliyadda NCQG, iyaga oo ku taliyay in looga wada-hadlo si gaar ah. Sanduuqa khasaaraha iyo waxyeellada ee la aasaasay sannadkii hore ayaa loo asteeyey inuu yahay mid ikhtiyaari ah oo aan khasab ahayn, waxaana ilaa hadda lacag ku shubay dalal kooban.
Qarashka ilaa hadda loogu yaboohay sanduuqa waa $700 oo Million. Inkasta oo tan loo arko bilow wanaagsan, hadana waxaa la qiyaasayaa in dalalka nugul ay la kulmi karaan waxyeello cimiladeed oo gaari karta ilaa $580 bilyan marka la gaaro 2030. Inta uu socdo shirka COP29 ee Baku, dalalka soo koraya —gaar ahaan kuwa nugul ee xaqa u yeelan doona magdhowgan— ayaa rajaynaya in shirka lagu horumariyo dhaqaalaha loogu talagalayo sanduuqa khasaaraha iyo waxyeellada.
Qodobada Kale Ee Looga Wada Xaajoon Doono COP29.
Natiijada shirkii COP28 ee sanadkii hore dhacay waxay muujisay ballanqaadyo aan horay loo arag oo ah in aduunku isku raacay in laga guuro isticmaalka shidaalka si loo yareeyo qiiqa hawada lagusii daayo, la saddex-laabo ka faaiideysiga tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo (renewable energy), iyo in la laba-laabo dhisidda nidaamyo cunto oo adkaysi leh, lana dardar-gelinta horumarinta gaadiidka siidaaya xadiga yar ee kaarboonka. COP29, dalalka waxa laga sugayaa inay ka xisaabtamaan horumarka ilaa haatan laga sameeyay balanqaad yadan.
Heshiiska Paris ee 2015, dalalku waxay ku heshiiyeen inay soo gudbiyaan qorshayaal qaran oo xooggan oo cimilada ah shan sano kasta, qorshayaasha ayaa loo yaqaano Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Wareegii 3aad ee gudbinta qorshayaashan wuxuu bilaaban doonaa bilo kooban ka dib shirka COP29, taasoo ka dhigaysa shirkan fursad muhiim ah oo lagu dejiyo shuruudaha laga rabo dalalka in yoolashooda cusub ee NDC-gu ay waafaqsanaadaan. Halka dalalka soo gudbiyayna laga dhagaysan doono qorshayaashooda.
Shirka COP29, waxaa sidoo kale laga sugayaa dalalka waaweyn inay ku dhawaaqaan ballanqaadyo cad oo dhiirrigelinaya wadamada kale iyo shirkadaha si ay ugu dhaqaaqaan talaabooyin cusub oo waxka qaban kara isbeddelka cimilada. Dawladda Azerbaijan ayaa dadaal xooggan ku bixinaysa in shirkani noqdo mid guuleysta oo ay kasoo baxaan natiijooyin waxku ool ah.
Cabsida ugu wayn ee shirka laga qabo waa in dalalka horumaray iyo kuwa soo korayaa ay isku waafaqi waayaan yoolka cusub ee maaliyadda cimilada (NCQG). Wada-xaajoodyada ayaa noqon doona “kuwa adag”, iyada oo natiijada kama dambaysta ah la sugi doono ilaa daqiiqadaha ugu dambeeya ee Shirka.